The road to NATO: from Iron Curtain to NATO security

Abstract

This article examines the evolution of NATO enlargement in Central and Eastern Europe, focusing on Romania's accession. It explores the post-Cold War debate over NATO expansion, driven by concerns that without membership, the security of newly liberated countries would be at risk, particularly from potential Russian aggression. Central European leaders, including Poland's Lech Walesa and Czech President Vaclav Havel, advocated for NATO membership, which was initially resisted by the U.S. in favor of a "Russia first" policy. However, as Russia's political trajectory became more uncertain, the U.S. shifted its stance and NATO expansion proceeded, strengthening the security of countries like Romania. Despite this, NATO’s relationship with Russia soured, especially after Russia’s 2014 and 2022 invasions of Ukraine. The paper argues that while NATO enlargement has successfully protected its new members, the ongoing threat posed by Russia underscores the need for Ukraine’s eventual NATO membership and continued alliance expansion for lasting European security.